extension api v2, ref #395

website/src/lib/components/map/layer-control/LayerControlSettings.svelte

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
     } from '$lib/data/layers';
     import { getLayers, isSelected, toggle } from '$lib/components/map/layer-control/utils';
     import { i18n } from '$lib/i18n/i18n.svelte';
-    import { map } from '$lib/components/map/map';
     import CustomLayers from './CustomLayers.svelte';
     import { settings } from '$lib/state/settings';
     import { untrack } from 'svelte';
@@ -209,19 +208,6 @@
                                         disabled={selectedOverlay === undefined}
                                         onValueChange={(value) => {
                                             if (selectedOverlay) {
-                                                if (
-                                                    $map &&
-                                                    $currentOverlays &&
-                                                    isSelected($currentOverlays, selectedOverlay)
-                                                ) {
-                                                    try {
-                                                        if ($map.getLayer(selectedOverlay)) {
-                                                            $map.removeLayer(selectedOverlay);
-                                                        }
-                                                    } catch {
-                                                        // No reliable way to check if the map is ready to remove sources and layers
-                                                    }
-                                                }
                                                 $opacities[selectedOverlay] = value;
                                             }
                                         }}

website/src/lib/components/map/layer-control/LayerTreeNode.svelte

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     let {
         name,
         node,
+        parent = '',
         selected = '',
         onselect = () => {},
         multiple = false,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
     }: {
         name: string;
         node: LayerTreeType;
+        parent?: string;
         selected?: string;
         onselect?: (value: string) => void;
         multiple: boolean;
@@ -26,7 +28,21 @@
     } = $props();
 
     const { customLayers } = settings;
-    const { isLayerFromExtension, getLayerName } = extensionAPI;
+    const { isLayerFromExtension, getLayerName, isExtensionGroup } = extensionAPI;
+
+    /** The groups of extensions are right below the overlays, with the name they were given. */
+    function getGroupLabel(id: string) {
+        return parent === 'overlays' && $isExtensionGroup(id)
+            ? id
+            : i18n._(`layers.label.${id}`, id);
+    }
+
+    function getLabel(id: string) {
+        if (Object.hasOwn($customLayers, id)) {
+            return $customLayers[id].name;
+        }
+        return $isLayerFromExtension(id) ? $getLayerName(id) : i18n._(`layers.label.${id}`);
+    }
 
     $effect.pre(() => {
         if (checked !== undefined) {
@@ -57,7 +73,7 @@
                                 () => checked[id] === true, (value) => (checked[id] = value)
                             }
                             class="scale-90"
-                            aria-label={i18n._(`layers.label.${id}`)}
+                            aria-label={getLabel(id)}
                         />
                     {:else}
                         <input
@@ -74,25 +90,20 @@
                         />
                     {/if}
                     <Label for="{name}-{id}" class="flex flex-row items-center gap-1">
-                        {#if Object.hasOwn($customLayers, id)}
+                        {getLabel(id)}
-                            {$customLayers[id].name}
-                        {:else if $isLayerFromExtension(id)}
-                            {$getLayerName(id)}
-                        {:else}
-                            {i18n._(`layers.label.${id}`)}
-                        {/if}
                     </Label>
                 </div>
             {/if}
         {:else if anySelectedLayer(node[id])}
             <CollapsibleTreeNode {id}>
                 {#snippet trigger()}
-                    <span>{i18n._(`layers.label.${id}`, id)}</span>
+                    <span>{getGroupLabel(id)}</span>
                 {/snippet}
                 {#snippet content()}
                     <div class="ml-2">
                         <Self
                             node={node[id] as LayerTreeType}
+                            parent={id}
                             {name}
                             {selected}
                             {onselect}

website/src/lib/components/map/layer-control/extension-api.test.ts

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import { get } from 'svelte/store';
 import { overlays, overlayTree, type LayerTreeType } from '$lib/data/layers';
 import { engine } from '$lib/engine';
 import { settings } from '$lib/state/settings';
-import { ExtensionAPI, type CustomOverlay } from './extension-api';
+import { map } from '$lib/components/map/map';
-import { isSelected } from './utils';
+import type { StyleSpecification } from 'maplibre-gl';
+import { ExtensionAPI, type CustomOverlay, type ExtensionOverlay } from './extension-api';
+import { isSelected, prefixStyle } from './utils';
 
 const original = { set: engine.setSetting, delete: engine.deleteSetting };
 
@@ -41,6 +43,8 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 afterEach(() => {
     // the layers are shared by the whole app: leave them as they were
     api.filterOverlays([]);
+    api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', []);
+    api.setOverlays('Other', []);
     for (const extension of ['My extension', 'Other extension']) {
         delete (overlayTree.overlays as LayerTreeType)[extension];
     }
@@ -151,3 +155,316 @@ describe('ExtensionAPI', () => {
         assert.equal(Object.keys(extension as LayerTreeType).at(-1), 'extension-two');
     });
 });
+
+const rasterStyle = (url = 'https://tiles.example.com/{z}/{x}/{y}.png'): StyleSpecification => ({
+    version: 8,
+    sources: { tiles: { type: 'raster', tiles: [url], tileSize: 256 } },
+    layers: [{ id: 'tiles', type: 'raster', source: 'tiles' }],
+});
+
+const v2 = (id: string, extra: Partial<ExtensionOverlay> = {}): ExtensionOverlay => ({
+    id,
+    name: `Overlay ${id}`,
+    style: rasterStyle(),
+    ...extra,
+});
+
+const id = (overlayId: string, extension = 'Heatmaps') =>
+    `extension-${encodeURIComponent(extension)}/${encodeURIComponent(overlayId)}`;
+
+/** The overlays of an extension in a tree, with their state. */
+const group = (tree: LayerTreeType | undefined, extension = 'Heatmaps') =>
+    (tree!.overlays as LayerTreeType)[extension] as LayerTreeType | undefined;
+
+/** What the user does in the layer menu. */
+function setShown(overlayId: string, shown: boolean) {
+    settings.currentOverlays.update((tree) => {
+        group(tree)![overlayId] = shown;
+        return tree;
+    });
+}
+
+describe('prefixStyle', () => {
+    it('prefixes the sources, the layers, and the source of the layers', () => {
+        const prefixed = prefixStyle('overlay', {
+            version: 8,
+            sources: { dem: { type: 'raster-dem', tiles: ['https://dem/{z}/{x}/{y}.png'] } },
+            layers: [
+                { id: 'relief', type: 'color-relief', source: 'dem' },
+                { id: 'background', type: 'background' },
+            ],
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(prefixed.sources), ['overlay/dem']);
+        assert.deepEqual(
+            prefixed.layers.map((layer) => layer.id),
+            ['overlay/relief', 'overlay/background']
+        );
+        assert.equal((prefixed.layers[0] as { source: string }).source, 'overlay/dem');
+        assert.equal('source' in prefixed.layers[1], false);
+    });
+
+    it('refuses a style whose layers cannot work', () => {
+        const style = (layers: unknown) =>
+            ({ version: 8, sources: {}, layers }) as StyleSpecification;
+        assert.throws(() => prefixStyle('o', style(undefined)), /list of layers/);
+        assert.throws(
+            () => prefixStyle('o', style([{ id: 'a', type: 'raster', source: 'none' }])),
+            /unknown source/
+        );
+        assert.throws(
+            () =>
+                prefixStyle(
+                    'o',
+                    style([
+                        { id: 'a', type: 'background' },
+                        { id: 'a', type: 'background' },
+                    ])
+                ),
+            /repeated layer id/
+        );
+    });
+});
+
+describe('ExtensionAPI v2', () => {
+    it('adds the overlays of an extension, in the order of the list, hidden by default', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('b'), v2('a', { name: 'A' }), v2('c', { visible: true })]);
+
+        const expected = [id('b'), id('a'), id('c')];
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(overlayTree)!), expected);
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(get(settings.selectedOverlayTree))!), expected);
+        assert.deepEqual(group(get(settings.currentOverlays)), {
+            [id('b')]: false,
+            [id('a')]: false,
+            [id('c')]: true,
+        });
+        assert.ok(get(api.isLayerFromExtension)(id('a')));
+        assert.equal(get(api.getLayerName)(id('a')), 'A');
+        assert.equal(api.version, 2);
+    });
+
+    it('uses the style as is, with prefixed ids', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]);
+        const style = overlays[id('a')] as StyleSpecification;
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(style.sources), [`${id('a')}/tiles`]);
+        assert.equal(style.layers[0].id, `${id('a')}/tiles`);
+        assert.equal((style.layers[0] as { source: string }).source, `${id('a')}/tiles`);
+    });
+
+    it('names its overlays after the extension, the way the v1 API does without it', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('My heatmap', [v2('all')]);
+        assert.ok(isSelected(overlayTree, 'extension-My%20heatmap/all'));
+        api.setOverlays('My heatmap', []);
+    });
+
+    it('keeps two extensions with the same overlay ids, or similar names, apart', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]);
+        api.setOverlays('Other', [v2('a')]);
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(overlayTree)!), [id('a')]);
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(overlayTree, 'Other')!), [id('a', 'Other')]);
+
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps/a', [v2('b')]);
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a'), v2('a/b')]);
+        assert.notEqual(id('a/b'), id('b', 'Heatmaps/a'));
+        assert.ok(get(api.isLayerFromExtension)(id('a/b')));
+        assert.ok(get(api.isLayerFromExtension)(id('b', 'Heatmaps/a')));
+
+        api.setOverlays('Other', []);
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(overlayTree)!).length, 2);
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps/a', []);
+    });
+
+    it('knows the groups of the extensions, of either version', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]);
+        api.addOrUpdateOverlay(overlay('one'));
+        assert.equal(get(api.isExtensionGroup)('Heatmaps'), true);
+        assert.equal(get(api.isExtensionGroup)('My extension'), true);
+        assert.equal(get(api.isExtensionGroup)('france'), false);
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', []);
+        assert.equal(get(api.isExtensionGroup)('Heatmaps'), false);
+    });
+
+    it('removes what is not in the list anymore, with its group when it is empty', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: true }), v2('b')]);
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('b')]);
+        assert.ok(!(id('a') in overlays));
+        assert.equal(get(api.isLayerFromExtension)(id('a')), false);
+        assert.equal(isSelected(get(settings.currentOverlays)!, id('a')), false);
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(overlayTree)!), [id('b')]);
+
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', []);
+        assert.equal(group(overlayTree), undefined);
+        assert.equal(group(get(settings.selectedOverlayTree)), undefined);
+        assert.equal(group(get(settings.currentOverlays)), undefined);
+    });
+
+    it('keeps the state of an overlay unless told otherwise, and the opacity and menu choices', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a'), v2('b')]);
+        setShown(id('a'), true);
+        settings.opacities.update((opacities) => ({ ...opacities, [id('a')]: 0.3 }));
+        settings.selectedOverlayTree.update((tree) => {
+            group(tree)![id('b')] = false;
+            return tree;
+        });
+
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('b'), v2('a')]);
+        assert.equal(isSelected(get(settings.currentOverlays)!, id('a')), true);
+        assert.equal(isSelected(get(settings.selectedOverlayTree), id('b')), false);
+        assert.equal(get(settings.opacities)[id('a')], 0.3);
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(get(settings.selectedOverlayTree))!), [
+            id('b'),
+            id('a'),
+        ]);
+
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: false }), v2('b', { visible: true })]);
+        assert.equal(isSelected(get(settings.currentOverlays)!, id('a')), false);
+        // the user took it out of the menu, where it could not be hidden again
+        assert.equal(isSelected(get(settings.currentOverlays)!, id('b')), false);
+    });
+
+    it('changes nothing when the list is not valid', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]);
+        const invalid: unknown[] = [
+            [v2('b'), v2('b')],
+            [v2('b'), { id: 'c', name: 'C' }],
+            [v2('b'), { ...v2('c'), style: { version: 8, sources: {} } }],
+            'not a list',
+        ];
+        for (const list of invalid) {
+            assert.throws(() => api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', list as ExtensionOverlay[]));
+        }
+        assert.deepEqual(Object.keys(group(overlayTree)!), [id('a')]);
+        assert.ok(!(id('b') in overlays));
+    });
+
+    it('refuses the names that cannot be the group of an extension', () => {
+        for (const name of ['', 'world', 'countries', '__proto__']) {
+            assert.throws(() => api.setOverlays(name, [v2('a')]));
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('waits for the settings', () => {
+        const current = get(settings.currentOverlays);
+        (settings.currentOverlays as unknown as { _value: { set(v: unknown): void } })._value.set(
+            undefined
+        );
+        assert.throws(() => api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]), /gpxstudio\.ready/);
+        settings.currentOverlays.set(current!);
+    });
+
+    it('tells the extension about the actions of the user only', () => {
+        const calls: Record<string, boolean>[] = [];
+        const stop = api.onVisibilityChange('Heatmaps', (visible) => calls.push(visible));
+        const others: unknown[] = [];
+        api.onVisibilityChange('Other', (visible) => others.push(visible));
+        api.setOverlays('Other', [v2('x')]);
+
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a'), v2('b', { visible: true })]);
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: true }), v2('b', { visible: false })]);
+        assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+
+        setShown(id('b'), true);
+        assert.deepEqual(calls, [{ a: true, b: true }]);
+        // nothing changed
+        setShown(id('b'), true);
+        assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
+        assert.deepEqual(others, []);
+
+        stop();
+        setShown(id('b'), false);
+        assert.equal(calls.length, 1);
+    });
+
+    it('tells the extension when the overlays are all hidden from the menu', () => {
+        const calls: Record<string, boolean>[] = [];
+        api.onVisibilityChange('Heatmaps', (visible) => calls.push(visible));
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: true })]);
+        settings.currentOverlays.set({ overlays: {} });
+        assert.deepEqual(calls, [{ a: false }]);
+    });
+
+    it('survives a callback that throws, or that sets the overlays', () => {
+        const error = console.error;
+        console.error = () => {};
+        const calls: unknown[] = [];
+        api.onVisibilityChange('Heatmaps', () => {
+            throw new Error('from the extension');
+        });
+        api.onVisibilityChange('Heatmaps', (visible) => {
+            calls.push(visible);
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: visible.a })]);
+        });
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]);
+        setShown(id('a'), true);
+        console.error = error;
+        assert.deepEqual(calls, [{ a: true }]);
+    });
+
+    it('does not tell the extension that all is hidden when the page closes', () => {
+        const calls: unknown[] = [];
+        api.onVisibilityChange('Heatmaps', (visible) => calls.push(visible));
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: true })]);
+        (api as unknown as { destroy(): void }).destroy();
+        assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+        assert.equal(isSelected(get(settings.currentOverlays)!, id('a')), false);
+    });
+
+    it('leaves a style URL for the map to fetch', () => {
+        const fetchBefore = globalThis.fetch;
+        globalThis.fetch = (() => assert.fail('fetched')) as typeof fetch;
+        try {
+            const url = 'https://example.com/style.json';
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { style: url })]);
+            assert.equal(overlays[id('a')], url);
+        } finally {
+            globalThis.fetch = fetchBefore;
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('removes a style that changes from the map, layers first, but not one that stays', () => {
+        const calls: string[] = [];
+        const prefix = id('a');
+        const fakeMap = {
+            getStyle: () => ({
+                sources: { [`${prefix}/tiles`]: {}, [`${prefix}2/tiles`]: {}, core: {} },
+                layers: [{ id: `${prefix}/tiles` }, { id: `${prefix}2/tiles` }, { id: 'core' }],
+            }),
+            removeLayer: (layer: string) => calls.push(`layer ${layer}`),
+            removeSource: (source: string) => calls.push(`source ${source}`),
+        };
+        const store = (map as unknown as { _mapStore: { set(value: unknown): void } })._mapStore;
+        store.set(fakeMap);
+        try {
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { visible: true })]);
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { name: 'Renamed' })]);
+            assert.deepEqual(calls, []);
+
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { style: rasterStyle('https://other/{z}') })]);
+            assert.deepEqual(calls, [`layer ${prefix}/tiles`, `source ${prefix}/tiles`]);
+
+            calls.length = 0;
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a', { style: 'https://example.com/style.json' })]);
+            assert.equal(calls.length, 2);
+
+            calls.length = 0;
+            api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', []);
+            assert.equal(calls.length, 2);
+        } finally {
+            store.set(null);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('is not affected by the v1 API, and can live next to it', () => {
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a')]);
+        api.addOrUpdateOverlay(overlay('one', 'Heatmaps'));
+        api.filterOverlays([]);
+        assert.ok(id('a') in overlays);
+        assert.ok(get(api.isLayerFromExtension)(id('a')));
+        assert.ok(isSelected(overlayTree, id('a')));
+
+        api.addOrUpdateOverlay(overlay('one', 'Heatmaps'));
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', [v2('a'), v2('b')]);
+        assert.ok(isSelected(overlayTree, 'extension-one'));
+        api.setOverlays('Heatmaps', []);
+        assert.ok(isSelected(overlayTree, 'extension-one'));
+    });
+});

website/src/lib/components/map/layer-control/extension-api.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { settings } from '$lib/state/settings';
+import type { StyleSpecification } from 'maplibre-gl';
 import { derived, get, writable, type Writable } from 'svelte/store';
-import { isSelected, remove, removeAll } from './utils';
+import { isSelected, prefixStyle, remove, removeAll } from './utils';
 import { layerGroup, overlays, overlayTree, type LayerTreeType } from '$lib/data/layers';
 import { browser } from '$app/environment';
 import { map } from '$lib/components/map/map';
 
 const { currentOverlays, previousOverlays, selectedOverlayTree } = settings;
 
+/** An overlay of the v1 API. */
 export type CustomOverlay = {
     extensionName: string;
     id: string;
@@ -15,11 +17,87 @@ export type CustomOverlay = {
     maxZoom?: number;
 };
 
+/** An overlay of the v2 API. */
+export type ExtensionOverlay = {
+    /** Unique within the extension. Keep it stable: the opacity and menu choices are tied to it. */
+    id: string;
+    name: string;
+    /**
+     * The sources and layers of the overlay, or the URL of a style JSON (which must allow
+     * cross-origin requests). It is used as is, with MapLibre's defaults: a `raster` source has
+     * tiles of 512 pixels unless its `tileSize` says otherwise. Layers can only use the sources of
+     * this style, and the rest of a style (`sprite`, `glyphs`, `terrain`...) is ignored.
+     */
+    style: StyleSpecification | string;
+    /** Applied if given, otherwise the current state is kept (hidden for a new overlay). */
+    visible?: boolean;
+};
+
+/** What the API knows of an overlay. */
+type RegisteredOverlay = {
+    extensionName: string;
+    name: string;
+    /** The style given by the extension, to tell when it changes; only for the v2 API. */
+    signature?: string;
+};
+
+type VisibilityCallback = (visible: Record<string, boolean>) => void;
+
+/** The groups of the overlay tree that an extension cannot put its overlays in. */
+const reservedGroups = new Set(['__proto__', ...Object.keys(layerGroup(overlayTree.overlays))]);
+
+/** The id of an overlay of the v1 API, whose methods do not all get the name of the extension. */
+function getOverlayId(id: string): string {
+    return `extension-${id}`;
+}
+
+/** The id of an overlay of the v2 API. It is encoded so that two extensions cannot clash. */
+function getExtensionOverlayId(extensionName: string, id: string): string {
+    return getOverlayId(`${encodeURIComponent(extensionName)}/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the overlays of an extension in a tree, in order. Its other entries are dropped, except for
+ * those of `keep`: its overlays of the v1 API, which can be in the same group. An extension that
+ * has nothing left has no group anymore.
+ */
+function setGroup(
+    tree: LayerTreeType,
+    extensionName: string,
+    entries: Record<string, boolean>,
+    keep: (id: string) => boolean
+) {
+    const groups = layerGroup(tree.overlays);
+    const group = groups[extensionName];
+    const kept =
+        typeof group === 'object'
+            ? Object.entries(group).filter(([id]) => keep(id) && !Object.hasOwn(entries, id))
+            : [];
+    const updated = { ...entries, ...Object.fromEntries(kept) };
+    if (Object.keys(updated).length > 0) {
+        groups[extensionName] = updated;
+    } else {
+        delete groups[extensionName];
+    }
+    return tree;
+}
+
 export class ExtensionAPI {
-    private _overlays: Writable<Map<string, CustomOverlay>> = writable(new Map());
+    /** The version of the API; the methods of v1 are still there, until extensions have moved. */
+    readonly version = 2;
+    /** Resolved once overlays can be set. `gpxstudio:ready` is sent on `window` at that moment. */
+    ready!: Promise<void>;
+
+    private _overlays: Writable<Map<string, RegisteredOverlay>> = writable(new Map());
+    /** What each extension knows of the visibility of its overlays, by its own overlay ids. */
+    private _visibility: Map<string, Record<string, boolean>> = new Map();
+    private _visibilityCallbacks: Map<string, Set<VisibilityCallback>> = new Map();
+    private _watchingVisibility = false;
 
     init() {
         if (browser && !Object.hasOwn(window, 'gpxstudio')) {
+            this.ready = this.ensureLoaded();
+            this.ready.then(() => window.dispatchEvent(new Event('gpxstudio:ready')));
             Object.defineProperty(window, 'gpxstudio', {
                 value: this,
             });
@@ -29,6 +107,7 @@ export class ExtensionAPI {
         }
     }
 
+    /** @deprecated v1: use `ready`. */
     ensureLoaded(): Promise<void> {
         let unsubscribe: () => void;
         const promise = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -46,6 +125,168 @@ export class ExtensionAPI {
         return promise;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Replaces the overlays of an extension: the order of the list is the order in the layer menu,
+     * and the overlays that are not in the list are removed. The opacity and the choices of the
+     * layer menu are kept for the ones that stay. Throws, changing nothing, if the list is invalid;
+     * a style URL is only fetched when the overlay is shown, and a failure is then only logged.
+     */
+    setOverlays(extensionName: string, newOverlays: ExtensionOverlay[]) {
+        if (typeof extensionName !== 'string' || !extensionName) {
+            throw new Error('An extension must have a name.');
+        }
+        if (reservedGroups.has(extensionName)) {
+            throw new Error(`The extension name ${extensionName} is reserved.`);
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(newOverlays)) {
+            throw new Error('The overlays must be a list.');
+        }
+        const current = get(currentOverlays);
+        if (!current) {
+            throw new Error('Overlays cannot be set yet: wait for `gpxstudio.ready`.');
+        }
+
+        const previous = this.getOverlaysOf(extensionName);
+        const next = new Map<string, RegisteredOverlay>();
+        const styles = new Map<string, StyleSpecification | string>();
+        for (const overlay of newOverlays) {
+            if (!overlay?.id || !overlay.name || !overlay.style) {
+                throw new Error('Overlay must have an id, a name and a style.');
+            }
+            const id = getExtensionOverlayId(extensionName, overlay.id);
+            if (next.has(id)) {
+                throw new Error(`Overlay ${overlay.id} is in the list twice.`);
+            }
+            const signature = JSON.stringify(overlay.style);
+            // the ids of the style at a URL are prefixed when the map fetches it
+            styles.set(
+                id,
+                typeof overlay.style === 'string'
+                    ? overlay.style
+                    : prefixStyle(id, JSON.parse(signature))
+            );
+            next.set(id, { extensionName, name: overlay.name, signature });
+        }
+
+        // Nothing can fail from here. The map does not replace a source that it already has, so
+        // what has changed has to be removed first; it is then added back with the new style.
+        const removedIds: string[] = [];
+        previous.forEach((overlay, id) => {
+            if (next.get(id)?.signature !== overlay.signature) {
+                this.removeFromMap(id);
+            }
+            if (!next.has(id)) {
+                removedIds.push(id);
+                delete overlays[id];
+            }
+        });
+        styles.forEach((style, id) => {
+            overlays[id] = style;
+        });
+        this._overlays.update(($overlays) => {
+            removedIds.forEach((id) => $overlays.delete(id));
+            next.forEach((overlay, id) => $overlays.set(id, overlay));
+            return $overlays;
+        });
+
+        const available: Record<string, boolean> = {};
+        const selected: Record<string, boolean> = {};
+        const shown: Record<string, boolean> = {};
+        const visibility: Record<string, boolean> = {};
+        const selectedGroup = layerGroup(get(selectedOverlayTree).overlays)[extensionName];
+        newOverlays.forEach((overlay) => {
+            const id = getExtensionOverlayId(extensionName, overlay.id);
+            available[id] = true;
+            // an overlay that the user took out of the layer menu could not be hidden again
+            selected[id] =
+                typeof selectedGroup !== 'object' ||
+                !Object.hasOwn(selectedGroup, id) ||
+                selectedGroup[id] === true;
+            shown[id] = selected[id] && Boolean(overlay.visible ?? isSelected(current, id));
+            visibility[overlay.id] = shown[id];
+        });
+
+        const keep = (id: string) => {
+            const overlay = get(this._overlays).get(id);
+            return overlay !== undefined && overlay.signature === undefined;
+        };
+        setGroup(overlayTree, extensionName, available, keep);
+        selectedOverlayTree.update((tree) => setGroup(tree, extensionName, selected, keep));
+        previousOverlays.update((tree) => removeAll(tree, removedIds));
+        // this is not an action of the user: there must be nothing to tell the extension about
+        this._visibility.set(extensionName, visibility);
+        currentOverlays.update((tree) => setGroup(tree, extensionName, shown, keep));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls `callback` with the visibility of all the overlays of the extension, by id, when the
+     * user shows or hides one of them (not when `setOverlays` does). Returns how to stop.
+     */
+    onVisibilityChange(extensionName: string, callback: VisibilityCallback): () => void {
+        const callbacks = this._visibilityCallbacks.get(extensionName) ?? new Set();
+        this._visibilityCallbacks.set(extensionName, callbacks);
+        callbacks.add(callback);
+        if (!this._watchingVisibility) {
+            this._watchingVisibility = true;
+            currentOverlays.subscribe(() => this.notifyVisibility());
+        }
+        return () => {
+            callbacks.delete(callback);
+        };
+    }
+
+    private notifyVisibility() {
+        const current = get(currentOverlays);
+        if (!current) return;
+        this._visibilityCallbacks.forEach((callbacks, extensionName) => {
+            const known = this._visibility.get(extensionName);
+            if (!known) return;
+            const visibility = Object.fromEntries(
+                Object.keys(known).map((id) => [
+                    id,
+                    isSelected(current, getExtensionOverlayId(extensionName, id)),
+                ])
+            );
+            if (Object.keys(known).every((id) => known[id] === visibility[id])) return;
+            this._visibility.set(extensionName, visibility);
+            callbacks.forEach((callback) => {
+                try {
+                    callback({ ...visibility });
+                } catch (e) {
+                    // an extension must not break the updates of the store for the others
+                    console.error(e);
+                }
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    private getOverlaysOf(extensionName: string): Map<string, RegisteredOverlay> {
+        return new Map(
+            Array.from(get(this._overlays)).filter(
+                ([, overlay]) =>
+                    overlay.extensionName === extensionName && overlay.signature !== undefined
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /** Removes the layers and sources of an overlay: their ids start with the one of the overlay. */
+    private removeFromMap(overlayId: string) {
+        const map_ = get(map);
+        if (!map_) return;
+        try {
+            const style = map_.getStyle();
+            style.layers
+                .filter((layer) => layer.id.startsWith(`${overlayId}/`))
+                .forEach((layer) => map_.removeLayer(layer.id));
+            Object.keys(style.sources)
+                .filter((source) => source.startsWith(`${overlayId}/`))
+                .forEach((source) => map_.removeSource(source));
+        } catch {
+            // No reliable way to check if the map is ready to remove sources and layers
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @deprecated v1: use `setOverlays`. */
     addOrUpdateOverlay(overlay: CustomOverlay) {
         if (
             !overlay.extensionName ||
@@ -58,7 +299,7 @@ export class ExtensionAPI {
                 'Overlay must have an extensionName, id, name, and at least one tile URL.'
             );
         }
-        overlay.id = this.getOverlayId(overlay.id);
+        overlay.id = getOverlayId(overlay.id);
 
         this._overlays.update(($overlays) => {
             $overlays.set(overlay.id, overlay);
@@ -119,11 +360,12 @@ export class ExtensionAPI {
         });
     }
 
+    /** @deprecated v1: use `setOverlays`. Leaves the overlays of the v2 API alone. */
     filterOverlays(ids: string[]) {
-        ids = ids.map((id) => this.getOverlayId(id));
+        ids = ids.map((id) => getOverlayId(id));
-        const idsToRemove = Array.from(get(this._overlays).keys()).filter(
+        const idsToRemove = Array.from(get(this._overlays))
-            (id) => !ids.includes(id)
+            .filter(([id, overlay]) => overlay.signature === undefined && !ids.includes(id))
-        );
+            .map(([id]) => id);
 
         currentOverlays.update((current) => {
             removeAll(current, idsToRemove);
@@ -153,8 +395,9 @@ export class ExtensionAPI {
         });
     }
 
+    /** @deprecated v1: use `setOverlays`. */
     updateOverlaysOrder(ids: string[]) {
-        ids = ids.map((id) => this.getOverlayId(id));
+        ids = ids.map((id) => getOverlayId(id));
         selectedOverlayTree.update((selected) => {
             const isSelected: Record<string, boolean> = {};
             ids.forEach((id) => {
@@ -184,11 +427,15 @@ export class ExtensionAPI {
         return (id: string) => $overlays.get(id)?.name || '';
     });
 
-    private getOverlayId(id: string): string {
+    /** Whether a group of the layer trees is an extension, whose name is shown as it was given. */
-        return `extension-${id}`;
+    isExtensionGroup = derived(this._overlays, ($overlays) => {
-    }
+        const names = new Set(Array.from($overlays.values(), (overlay) => overlay.extensionName));
+        return (id: string) => names.has(id);
+    });
 
     private destroy() {
+        // the page is closing: the user has not hidden anything, which extensions would then save
+        this._visibilityCallbacks.clear();
         const ids = Array.from(get(this._overlays).keys());
         currentOverlays.update((current) => {
             ids.forEach((id) => {

website/src/lib/components/map/layer-control/utils.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import type { LayerTreeType } from '$lib/data/layers';
-import { anySelectedLayer, getLayers, isSelected, remove, removeAll, toggle } from './utils';
+import type { LayerSpecification } from 'maplibre-gl';
+import {
+    anySelectedLayer,
+    getLayers,
+    getOpacityPaint,
+    isSelected,
+    remove,
+    removeAll,
+    toggle,
+} from './utils';
 
 // roads: bike (selected), foot
 // satellite: esri, ign: fr (selected)
@@ -72,3 +81,39 @@ describe('layer trees', () => {
         assert.deepEqual(removeAll(tree(), []), tree());
     });
 });
+
+describe('getOpacityPaint', () => {
+    const layer = (type: string, paint?: Record<string, unknown>) =>
+        ({ id: 'layer', type, source: 'source', paint }) as LayerSpecification;
+
+    it('uses the opacity properties of each type of layer', () => {
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('raster'), 0.5), { 'raster-opacity': 0.5 });
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('color-relief'), 0.5), {
+            'color-relief-opacity': 0.5,
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('symbol'), 0.5), {
+            'icon-opacity': 0.5,
+            'text-opacity': 0.5,
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('circle'), 0.5), {
+            'circle-opacity': 0.5,
+            'circle-stroke-opacity': 0.5,
+        });
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('hillshade'), 0.5), {
+            'hillshade-exaggeration': 0.25,
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('scales the opacity that the layer already has', () => {
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('line', { 'line-opacity': 0.5 }), 0.5), {
+            'line-opacity': 0.25,
+        });
+    });
+
+    it('replaces an expression, unless the opacity is left at 1', () => {
+        const expression = ['interpolate', ['linear'], ['zoom'], 5, 0, 10, 1];
+        const paint = { 'fill-opacity': expression };
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('fill', paint), 0.5), { 'fill-opacity': 0.5 });
+        assert.deepEqual(getOpacityPaint(layer('fill', paint), 1), { 'fill-opacity': expression });
+    });
+});

website/src/lib/components/map/layer-control/utils.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,89 @@
 import type { LayerTreeType } from '$lib/data/layers';
+import type { LayerSpecification, StyleSpecification } from 'maplibre-gl';
+
+/** Parts of a style that apply to a whole map, not to an overlay. */
+const ignoredStyleProperties = ['sprite', 'glyphs', 'terrain', 'sky', 'light', 'projection'];
+/** The overlays that were warned about those: a style at a URL is read again and again. */
+const warnedOverlays = new Set<string>();
+
+/**
+ * A copy of the style of an overlay whose sources and layers have ids of their own, so that they
+ * cannot clash with the ones of gpx.studio or of another overlay.
+ */
+export function prefixStyle(overlayId: string, style: StyleSpecification): StyleSpecification {
+    if (typeof style !== 'object' || style === null || !Array.isArray(style.layers)) {
+        throw new Error(`The style of overlay ${overlayId} must have a list of layers.`);
+    }
+    const ignored = ignoredStyleProperties.filter((property) => Object.hasOwn(style, property));
+    if (ignored.length > 0 && !warnedOverlays.has(overlayId)) {
+        warnedOverlays.add(overlayId);
+        console.warn(`Overlay ${overlayId} ignores these style properties: ${ignored.join(', ')}.`);
+    }
+
+    const prefixed = (id: string) => `${overlayId}/${id}`;
+    const sources = style.sources ?? {};
+    const layerIds = new Set<string>();
+    const layers = style.layers.map((layer) => {
+        if (!layer.id || layerIds.has(layer.id)) {
+            throw new Error(`Overlay ${overlayId} has a missing or repeated layer id.`);
+        }
+        layerIds.add(layer.id);
+        if ('source' in layer) {
+            if (!Object.hasOwn(sources, layer.source)) {
+                throw new Error(
+                    `Layer ${layer.id} of overlay ${overlayId} uses unknown source ${layer.source}.`
+                );
+            }
+            return { ...layer, id: prefixed(layer.id), source: prefixed(layer.source) };
+        }
+        return { ...layer, id: prefixed(layer.id) };
+    }) as LayerSpecification[];
+
+    return {
+        ...style,
+        sources: Object.fromEntries(
+            Object.entries(sources).map(([id, source]) => [prefixed(id), source])
+        ),
+        layers,
+    };
+}
+
+/** The paint properties that make a layer transparent, by type of layer. */
+const opacityProperties: Partial<Record<LayerSpecification['type'], string[]>> = {
+    background: ['background-opacity'],
+    circle: ['circle-opacity', 'circle-stroke-opacity'],
+    'color-relief': ['color-relief-opacity'],
+    fill: ['fill-opacity'],
+    'fill-extrusion': ['fill-extrusion-opacity'],
+    heatmap: ['heatmap-opacity'],
+    line: ['line-opacity'],
+    raster: ['raster-opacity'],
+    symbol: ['icon-opacity', 'text-opacity'],
+};
+
+/**
+ * The paint properties that give a layer an opacity. The opacity of an overlay applies on top of
+ * those of its layers, so that they stay different from one another. A value that is computed
+ * (an expression) cannot always be scaled: the opacity replaces it, unless it is left at 1.
+ */
+export function getOpacityPaint(
+    layer: LayerSpecification,
+    opacity: number
+): Record<string, unknown> {
+    if (layer.type === 'hillshade') {
+        return { 'hillshade-exaggeration': opacity / 2 };
+    }
+    const paint = (layer.paint ?? {}) as Record<string, unknown>;
+    return Object.fromEntries(
+        (opacityProperties[layer.type] ?? []).map((property) => {
+            const value = paint[property];
+            if (typeof value === 'number') {
+                return [property, value * opacity];
+            }
+            return [property, value !== undefined && opacity === 1 ? value : opacity];
+        })
+    );
+}
 
 export function anySelectedLayer(node: LayerTreeType) {
     return (

website/src/lib/components/map/style.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// How the map shows the overlays: here, those of extensions that give the URL of their style.
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, it } from 'node:test';
+import type { Map as MapLibreMap, StyleSpecification } from 'maplibre-gl';
+import { writable } from 'svelte/store';
+import { overlays, type LayerTreeType } from '$lib/data/layers';
+import { engine } from '$lib/engine';
+import { settings } from '$lib/state/settings';
+import { StyleManager } from './style';
+
+const URL_A = 'https://example.com/a.json';
+const URL_B = 'https://example.com/b.json';
+const ID = 'extension-Heatmaps/a';
+
+const style = (tiles: string): StyleSpecification => ({
+    version: 8,
+    sources: { tiles: { type: 'raster', tiles: [tiles], tileSize: 256 } },
+    layers: [{ id: 'tiles', type: 'raster', source: 'tiles' }],
+});
+
+const original = {
+    set: engine.setSetting,
+    delete: engine.deleteSetting,
+    fetch: globalThis.fetch,
+    error: console.error,
+};
+
+/** A map that only knows of its overlays. */
+function fakeMap() {
+    const sources = new Map<string, { tiles: string[] }>([['empty-source', { tiles: [] }]]);
+    const layers = new Map<string, { source: string; paint: Record<string, unknown> }>();
+    return {
+        sources,
+        layers,
+        on: () => {},
+        setStyle: () => {},
+        getPitch: () => 0,
+        getTerrain: () => null,
+        setTerrain: () => {},
+        getSource: (id: string) => sources.get(id),
+        addSource: (id: string, source: { tiles: string[] }) => sources.set(id, source),
+        getLayer: (id: string) => layers.get(id),
+        addLayer: (layer: { id: string; source: string; paint: Record<string, unknown> }) =>
+            layers.set(layer.id, layer),
+        removeLayer: (id: string) => layers.delete(id),
+        setPaintProperty: (id: string, name: string, value: unknown) => {
+            layers.get(id)!.paint[name] = value;
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+/** Shows the overlay, and gives the manager of the map. */
+function setUp(fake: ReturnType<typeof fakeMap>) {
+    settings.currentOverlays.update((tree) => {
+        (tree.overlays as LayerTreeType).Heatmaps = { [ID]: true };
+        return tree;
+    });
+    const store = writable<MapLibreMap | null>(null);
+    const manager = new StyleManager(store, '');
+    store.set(fake as unknown as MapLibreMap);
+    return manager;
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+    engine.setSetting = () => {};
+    engine.deleteSetting = () => {};
+    settings.connect({});
+    settings.initialize();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+    delete overlays[ID];
+    delete overlays.plainUrl;
+    settings.currentOverlays.update((tree) => {
+        delete (tree.overlays as LayerTreeType).Heatmaps;
+        delete (tree.overlays as LayerTreeType).plainUrl;
+        return tree;
+    });
+    engine.setSetting = original.set;
+    engine.deleteSetting = original.delete;
+    globalThis.fetch = original.fetch;
+    console.error = original.error;
+});
+
+/** Answers the style requests with the styles of `responses`, by URL. */
+function answerWith(responses: Record<string, StyleSpecification>) {
+    globalThis.fetch = (async (url: string) =>
+        Object.hasOwn(responses, url)
+            ? new Response(JSON.stringify(responses[url]))
+            : new Response(JSON.stringify(style('https://basemap/{z}')))) as typeof fetch;
+}
+
+describe('StyleManager, with the style URL of an extension', () => {
+    it('fetches it, and prefixes the ids of its sources and layers', async () => {
+        answerWith({ [URL_A]: style('https://a/{z}') });
+        overlays[ID] = URL_A;
+        const fake = fakeMap();
+        await setUp(fake).updateOverlays();
+
+        assert.deepEqual(fake.sources.get(`${ID}/tiles`)?.tiles, ['https://a/{z}']);
+        assert.equal(fake.layers.get(`${ID}/tiles`)?.source, `${ID}/tiles`);
+        assert.ok(!fake.sources.has('tiles'));
+    });
+
+    it('uses the opacity of the overlay', async () => {
+        answerWith({ [URL_A]: style('https://a/{z}') });
+        overlays[ID] = URL_A;
+        settings.opacities.update((opacities) => ({ ...opacities, [ID]: 0.3 }));
+        const fake = fakeMap();
+        await setUp(fake).updateOverlays();
+        assert.equal(fake.layers.get(`${ID}/tiles`)?.paint['raster-opacity'], 0.3);
+    });
+
+    it('removes its layers when it is hidden', async () => {
+        answerWith({ [URL_A]: style('https://a/{z}') });
+        overlays[ID] = URL_A;
+        const fake = fakeMap();
+        const manager = setUp(fake);
+        await manager.updateOverlays();
+        assert.ok(fake.layers.has(`${ID}/tiles`));
+
+        settings.currentOverlays.update((tree) => {
+            (tree.overlays as LayerTreeType).Heatmaps = { [ID]: false };
+            return tree;
+        });
+        await manager.updateOverlays();
+        assert.ok(!fake.layers.has(`${ID}/tiles`));
+    });
+
+    it('does not fetch it while the overlay is hidden', async () => {
+        const urls: string[] = [];
+        answerWith({});
+        const answer = globalThis.fetch;
+        globalThis.fetch = ((url: string) => {
+            urls.push(url);
+            return answer(url);
+        }) as typeof fetch;
+        overlays[ID] = URL_A;
+        settings.currentOverlays.update((tree) => {
+            (tree.overlays as LayerTreeType).Heatmaps = { [ID]: false };
+            return tree;
+        });
+        const store = writable<MapLibreMap | null>(null);
+        const manager = new StyleManager(store, '');
+        store.set(fakeMap() as unknown as MapLibreMap);
+        await manager.updateOverlays();
+        assert.ok(!urls.includes(URL_A));
+    });
+
+    it('ignores a style that was replaced or removed while it was fetched', async () => {
+        for (const next of [URL_B, undefined]) {
+            let respond: (response: Response) => void = () => {};
+            const answers: Record<string, StyleSpecification> = {
+                [URL_B]: style('https://b/{z}'),
+            };
+            answerWith(answers);
+            const answer = globalThis.fetch;
+            globalThis.fetch = ((url: string) =>
+                url === URL_A
+                    ? new Promise((resolve) => (respond = resolve))
+                    : answer(url)) as typeof fetch;
+
+            overlays[ID] = URL_A;
+            const fake = fakeMap();
+            const manager = setUp(fake);
+            const pending = manager.updateOverlays();
+            await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve));
+            if (next) {
+                overlays[ID] = next;
+            } else {
+                delete overlays[ID];
+            }
+            respond(new Response(JSON.stringify(style('https://a/{z}'))));
+            await pending;
+            assert.ok(!fake.sources.has(`${ID}/tiles`));
+
+            await manager.updateOverlays();
+            assert.deepEqual(
+                fake.sources.get(`${ID}/tiles`)?.tiles,
+                next ? ['https://b/{z}'] : undefined
+            );
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('logs a style that cannot be used, which leaves the others alone', async () => {
+        const logged: unknown[] = [];
+        console.error = (...args) => logged.push(args);
+        for (const answer of [
+            new Response('', { status: 404 }),
+            new Response(JSON.stringify({ version: 8, sources: {} })),
+        ]) {
+            answerWith({});
+            const basemap = globalThis.fetch;
+            globalThis.fetch = ((url: string) =>
+                url === URL_A ? Promise.resolve(answer.clone()) : basemap(url)) as typeof fetch;
+            overlays[ID] = URL_A;
+            const fake = fakeMap();
+            logged.length = 0;
+            await setUp(fake).updateOverlays();
+            assert.ok(logged.length > 0);
+            assert.equal(fake.layers.size, 0);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('does not prefix the style URL of anything else', async () => {
+        answerWith({ [URL_A]: style('https://a/{z}') });
+        overlays.plainUrl = URL_A;
+        settings.currentOverlays.update((tree) => {
+            (tree.overlays as LayerTreeType).plainUrl = { plainUrl: true };
+            return tree;
+        });
+        const fake = fakeMap();
+        const store = writable<MapLibreMap | null>(null);
+        const manager = new StyleManager(store, '');
+        store.set(fake as unknown as MapLibreMap);
+        await manager.updateOverlays();
+        assert.ok(fake.sources.has('tiles'));
+        assert.ok(fake.layers.has('tiles'));
+    });
+});

website/src/lib/components/map/style.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
     overlays,
     terrainSources,
 } from '$lib/data/layers';
-import { getLayers } from '$lib/components/map/layer-control/utils';
+import { getLayers, getOpacityPaint, prefixStyle } from '$lib/components/map/layer-control/utils';
 import { i18n } from '$lib/i18n/i18n.svelte';
 
 const { currentBasemap, currentOverlays, customLayers, opacities, terrainSource, distanceUnits } =
@@ -147,13 +147,18 @@ export class StyleManager {
         const custom = get(customLayers);
         const overlayOpacities = get(opacities);
         try {
+            // an overlay on the map can be gone from the tree, which has been replaced as a whole
             const layers = getLayers(get(currentOverlays) ?? {});
+            this._pastOverlays.forEach((id) => (layers[id] ??= false));
             for (const overlay in layers) {
-                if (!layers[overlay]) {
+                const overlayInfo = custom[overlay]?.value ?? overlays[overlay];
+                if (!overlayInfo) {
+                    // removed, together with what it had on the map
+                    this._pastOverlays.delete(overlay);
+                } else if (!layers[overlay]) {
                     if (this._pastOverlays.has(overlay)) {
-                        const overlayInfo = custom[overlay]?.value ?? overlays[overlay];
                         try {
-                            const overlayStyle = await this.get(overlayInfo);
+                            const overlayStyle = await this.getOverlayStyle(overlay, overlayInfo);
                             for (const layer of overlayStyle.layers ?? []) {
                                 if (map_.getLayer(layer.id)) {
                                     map_.removeLayer(layer.id);
@@ -165,9 +170,10 @@ export class StyleManager {
                         this._pastOverlays.delete(overlay);
                     }
                 } else {
-                    const overlayInfo = custom[overlay]?.value ?? overlays[overlay];
                     try {
-                        const overlayStyle = await this.get(overlayInfo);
+                        const overlayStyle = await this.getOverlayStyle(overlay, overlayInfo);
+                        // replaced or removed while it was fetched: its new style has its own turn
+                        if (!custom[overlay] && overlays[overlay] !== overlayInfo) continue;
                         const opacity = overlayOpacities[overlay];
 
                         for (const sourceId in overlayStyle.sources) {
@@ -177,21 +183,24 @@ export class StyleManager {
                         }
 
                         for (const layer of overlayStyle.layers ?? []) {
-                            if (!map_.getLayer(layer.id)) {
+                            const paint =
-                                if (opacity !== undefined) {
+                                opacity === undefined ? {} : getOpacityPaint(layer, opacity);
-                                    if (layer.type === 'raster') {
+                            if (map_.getLayer(layer.id)) {
-                                        if (!layer.paint) {
+                                for (const property in paint) {
-                                            layer.paint = {};
+                                    map_.setPaintProperty(
-                                        }
+                                        layer.id,
-                                        layer.paint['raster-opacity'] = opacity;
+                                        property as never,
-                                    } else if (layer.type === 'hillshade') {
+                                        paint[property] as never
-                                        if (!layer.paint) {
+                                    );
-                                            layer.paint = {};
-                                        }
-                                        layer.paint['hillshade-exaggeration'] = opacity / 2;
-                                    }
                                 }
-                                map_.addLayer(layer, ANCHOR_LAYER_KEY.overlays);
+                            } else {
+                                map_.addLayer(
+                                    {
+                                        ...layer,
+                                        paint: { ...layer.paint, ...paint },
+                                    } as LayerSpecification,
+                                    ANCHOR_LAYER_KEY.overlays
+                                );
                             }
                         }
                         this._pastOverlays.add(overlay);
@@ -221,6 +230,17 @@ export class StyleManager {
         }
     }
 
+    /** The style of an overlay. The ids of one from an extension's URL still have to be prefixed. */
+    private async getOverlayStyle(
+        overlay: string,
+        styleInfo: StyleSpecification | string
+    ): Promise<StyleSpecification> {
+        const style = await this.get(styleInfo);
+        return typeof styleInfo === 'string' && overlay.startsWith('extension-')
+            ? prefixStyle(overlay, style)
+            : style;
+    }
+
     async get(styleInfo: StyleSpecification | string): Promise<StyleSpecification> {
         if (typeof styleInfo === 'string') {
             const styleUrl = styleInfo as string;